Lexus GS

Lexus GS
2006 UZS190 Lexus GS 430
Manufacturer Lexus
Production 1991–present
Assembly Tahara, Aichi, Japan
Class Mid-size luxury sedan/
Executive car
Body style(s) 4-door sedan
Layout FR layout / F4 layout

The Lexus GS is a series of mid-size luxury sports sedans / executive cars sold by Lexus since 1993. Designed to fill the gap between the ES and LS, and to provide Lexus with a performance sedan to compete in the mid-luxury class, three generations of the GS have been produced to date. The first incarnation of the GS was introduced in 1993 in the United States, Europe and selected markets in Asia. The second generation model premiered in 1998, using a new platform and adding a V8 version for the first time outside Japan. The current third generation GS, which premiered globally for the 2006 model year, comes in both V6, V8, and hybrid versions, later known as the GS 450h performance hybrid. The third generation GS is also the first model to feature Lexus' own L-finesse styling upon its introduction.

In Japan, the equivalent Toyota Aristo (トヨタ・アリスト) was sold from its 1991 debut until the introduction of the Lexus marque and the third generation GS in 2005. Though largely identical in exterior and interior design, the first two generations of the GS and the Aristo differed in their engine and transmission combinations as well as equipment packages. The Aristo nameplate was discontinued following the debut of the Lexus marque and the third generation GS in Japan.

Contents

First generation (S140)

First generation
Lexus GS 300
Also called Lexus GS 300
Toyota Aristo (JDM)
Production 1991–1997
Layout FR layout
Platform FR midsize (JZS/UZS)
Engine(s) 2JZ-GE I6 (3.0Q)
2JZ-GTE Twin-turbo I6 (3.0V)
1UZ-FE V8 (4.0Zi-Four)
Transmission(s) 4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,779 mm (109.4 in)
Length 4,950 mm (194.9 in)
Width 1,796 mm (70.7 in)
Height 1993-94: 1,400 mm (55.1 in)
1995-97: 1,420 mm (55.9 in)
Designer Giorgetto Giugiaro

1991–1996

Styled by the famous Italdesign Giugiaro firm, and equipped with an independent, double-wishbone suspension setup, the Toyota Aristo was launched in October 1991, offering two inline-6 powered versions for the Japanese market: the 3.0Q and 3.0V. The Aristo 3.0Q (codename JZS147) featured a 2JZ-GE engine which produced 226 hp (169 kW), while the Aristo 3.0V (JZS147) was equipped with a 24-valve twin-turbo 2JZ-GTE engine which produced 276 hp (205 kW). This twin-turbo engine was the same as could be found in the Toyota Supra RZ (JZA80). In 1992, a third model, the V8-powered 4.0Zi-Four (codename UZS143), joined the Aristo lineup. This model came with standard four-wheel drive and a 250 hp (186 kW) 1UZ-FE engine. This V8 had also been used in the first generation Lexus LS and the Toyota Crown Majesta. However, the only engine available for export markets was the 2JZ-GE inline-6.

1993–1996 Lexus GS (JZS147; U.S.)

Production of the Lexus GS 300 (JZS147) began on February 22, 1993 at the Tahara, Japan assembly plant. At the time, the GS represented the latest advancement of Tahara production technology, with only eight spot welds performed by hand. The rest, some 4,200 welds, were performed by robots.[1] Italdesign Giugiaro's exterior styling blended elements of the original LS flagship and SC performance coupe in a rounded, aerodynamic shape, complementing the rest of the Lexus lineup. The vehicle adopted a wedge-like shape with high rear decklid, and longer and wider proportions than competing vehicles.[2] The exterior shape of the original GS produced a drag coefficient of 0.31 Cd. Offered color schemes included single-tone bumper and body finishes,[2] along with dual-tone schemes.

1991–1996 GS 300 interior (JZS147)

As Lexus' first rear-wheel drive sports sedan, the GS was placed above the front-wheel drive ES luxury sedan with its superior drivetrain setup, power and available amenities. The 3.0-liter 2JZ-GE inline-6 producing up to 226 hp (169 kW) and 210 lb·ft (285 N·m) of torque served as the powerplant. According to reviewer testing, 0-60 acceleration times for the GS 300 were clocked at slightly over nine seconds.[2]

For the interior, the GS 300 featured walnut wood trim on the center console, leather seating, an automatic tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, and the option of a Nakamichi premium stereo system. Driver and front passenger airbags were standard.[2] A moonroof, remote 12-CD auto changer, and traction control (TRAC) were options.

The GS was intended to take the price position of the original LS 400 flagship, which had moved upmarket since its 1989 launch.[1][2] By the time of the GS 300's debut, the $35,000 initial base price of the LS had climbed to $47,000.[2] The GS 300 carried an initial manufacturer's suggested U.S. base price of $37,930 at its debut. However, sales of the GS 300 were modest, with 1993 seeing the greatest sales at 19,164 sold that year. Sales dropped in later years as the Japanese yen rose in value against the dollar and made the vehicle more expensive than its rivals.[1] Additionally, more powerful V8 sport sedans provided stiff competition. By 1997, the price of the GS 300 had risen to $46,195. Production of the first generation GS sedan ended in 1996.

Second generation (S160)

Second generation
1998-2000 Lexus GS 300
Also called Lexus GS 300
Lexus GS 400/430
Toyota Aristo (JDM)
Production 1997–2005
Model year(s) 1998–2005
Layout FR layout
Platform FR midsize (JZS/UZS)
Engine(s) 3.0 L 2JZ-GE I6 (JZS160)
3.0 L 2JZ-GTE Twin-turbo I6 (JZS161)
4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8 (UZS160)
4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 (UZS160)
Transmission(s) 5-speed automatic (JZS160, UZS160/A650E)
4-speed automatic (JZS161/A341E)
Wheelbase 2,799 mm (110.2 in)
Length 4,806 mm (189.2 in)
Width 1,801 mm (70.9 in)
Height 1998-2001: 1,440 mm (56.7 in)
2002-05: 1,420 mm (55.9 in)

1997–2000

In February 1997, Lexus debuted the "High Performance Sedan" (HPS) concept at the Chicago Auto Show, previewing the design direction for the redesigned GS.[3] In August 1997, the second generation Aristo was launched in Japan, codenamed JZS160 (S300 version) for models with the 2JZ-GE engines and JZS161 (V300 version) for those with the 2JZ-GTE twin-turbo engines. VVT-i was now standard, resulting in a bump in torque. The twin-turbo version was available with electronic four-wheel steering, stability control and an automatic gearbox with a manual sequential mode. No four-wheel drive models were offered.

2000–2004 Lexus GS (JZS160R; Australia)

The second generation sedans used a new front-engine, rear-wheel drive midsize platform, also featured in the Japanese-market Toyota Crown.[4] The new model's styling was produced in-house, and featured quadruple headlights in a fashion similar to the Lexus SC coupe. The drag coefficient was 0.30 Cd. Inside, electroluminescent Lexus Optitron gauges were offered for the first time, along with an upgraded stereo system. For export markets, the second generation GS began production in the JZS161 body style on August 4, 1997 and was officially launched in 1998.

2000–2004 Lexus GS (JZS160R; Australia)

The GS 300 was offered once again and featured a slightly revised version of the last generation's 3.0 L inline-6 now producing 228 hp (168 kW) and 225 ft·lbf (305 N·m) of torque. The GS 300 was quoted with a 7.6 second 0-60 mph time by Edmunds. Answering customer requests for more power, the American market GS 400 (UZS160) was equipped with a UZ-series V8 that produced 300 hp (224 kW) and 310 ft·lbf (420 N·m) of torque. Edmunds.com reported a 0-60 mph (97 km/h) time of 5.4 seconds for the 3693 pound (1675 kg) sedan. Both models featured a 5-speed automatic with the GS 400 receiving steering wheel shift buttons, however the GS300 did not receive the steering wheel shift buttons until 2001. Again, no turbo models were offered outside Japan. The 0-60 mph time of the GS 400 prompted Lexus to claim that the GS was the world's fastest production sedan.[1]

2003–2004 GS 300 interior (JZS160)

Lexus promoted the arrival of the second generation GS sedan with the tagline, "Something Wicked This Way Comes." Compared to its predecessor, the second generation GS sedan was a much bigger success, with sales reaching 30,622 vehicles in its first year, increasing in the second, and stabilizing at 28,079 vehicles by 2000.[1] The U.S. base price for the GS 300 and GS 430 averaged approximately $38,000 and $47,000 respectively. The success of the GS sedan prompted Lexus to keep the vehicle in its lineup for eight years.

The GS was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1998. It also made Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1998 through 2000. In IIHS frontal crash testing the 1999 and newer GS was given a "Good" overall score.[5]

2000–2005

2001–2005 GS 430 (UZS161; Europe)

The 2001 model cycle was the only year with any major changes in the second generation GS. New clear tail lights with turn signal indicators were added to the trunk area, as well as a slightly revised grille and very subtly tinted headlights on the front end. Xenon high-intensity discharge headlights were now standard on the V8 and optional on the I6. Inside, more wood trim was added, and steering wheel shift buttons were now also featured on the GS 300. In 2001, the V8 engine received a 0.3 liter bump in displacement and the model was renamed GS 430 (UZS161). Peak horsepower was unchanged, but torque increased to 325 ft·lbf (441 N·m).

In 2001, Lexus also added a limited production GS 300 "SportDesign" edition, featuring the sport suspension from the GS 430, wider 225/55VR-16 Michelin Pilot HX tires, and polished alloy wheels.[6] The SportDesign interior added perforated leather upholstery along with brushed aluminum and dark stained walnut trim. For summer 2001, production of the GS 300 SportDesign was limited to a run of 3,300 units (vs. 25,000 annual GS sales annually).[6] Production of the limited model occurred through 2004.

Third generation (S190)

Third generation
2006–2007 Lexus GS 300 (GRS190; U.S.)
Also called Lexus GS 300/300 AWD
Lexus GS 350/350 AWD
Lexus GS 430/460
Lexus GS 450h
Production 2005–present
Model year(s) 2006–present
Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive / all-wheel drive
Platform S-series (GRS/UZS/URS/GWS)
Engine(s) 3.0 L 3GR-FSE V6 (GRS190)
3.5 L 2GR-FSE V6 (GRS191, GWS191)
4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 (UZS190)
4.6 L 1UR-FE V8 (URS191)
Transmission(s) 6-speed automatic
8-speed automatic (AA80E)
Hybrid: CVT
Wheelbase 2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length 2006-09: 4,826 mm (190.0 in)
2010-: 4,844 mm (190.7 in)
Width 1,821 mm (71.7 in)
Height RWD: 1,425 mm (56.1 in)
AWD: 1,435 mm (56.5 in)

2005–2007

In October 2003, Lexus premiered the LF-S (Lexus Future Sedan), a concept car which presaged the design characteristics of the upcoming GS.[7] The third generation GS first appeared as a pre-production vehicle at the 2004 Geneva Auto Show with the production version shown at the 2005 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Production of the third generation began on January 24, 2005, with the equivalent Aristo not released as Toyota had introduced the Lexus channel to Japan and sought to align all world markets using Lexus as their luxury brand worldwide.

The Lexus LF-S concept at the 2005 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance

The third generation GS was the introductory Lexus model for the marque's new L-finesse design philosophy. Characterized by swooping lines, a fastback profile, and more muscular styling, the GS indicated the future direction of the Lexus lineup. The production GS featured a slingshot cabin, first previewed on the earlier Lexus LF-S concept. The production GS also retained the quad headlamp design from the second generation model and previous Lexus SC while adding LED tailamps, and one-piece bumpers to create a more uniform appearance. The drag coefficient on the third generation GS design reached 0.27 Cd. The production GS was built on a newly-designed midsize platform which would also be used on the second generation IS.[8]

2005–2008 Lexus GS 350 (GRS191; Japan)

The Lexus GS comes standard with dual front airbags, front driver and passenger knee airbags, front and rear row side curtain airbags, and front row side torso airbags standard while rear row side torso airbags are optional.[9] An Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is standard on the V8 model while optional on the V6 model. The radar-based Pre-Collision System (PCS) with a Dynamic Radar Cruise Control system is optional. PCS can automatically apply up to 0.3g of deceleration if the driver does not react to imminent crash warnings.

Anti-lock braking, electronic brakeforce distribution, brake assist and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) are standard on all models. VSC with the electric power steering system can immediately alter steering torque assist during evasive maneuvers. Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) is standard on the GS 430/460/450h models and coupled to VGRS it can alter steering gear ratios. VDIM became standard on the 2008 GS 350 but does not include the VGRS system.[10][11]

In IIHS tests the GS received the "Good" overall rating in both frontal and side impact tests. The GS also received the "Good" rating in 13 of the 14 measured categories.[12][13] Euro NCAP scores for 2005 gave the GS the maximum five stars in Adult Occupant, four stars in Child Occupant, and two of four stars in the Pedestrian test categories.[14] In the executive class the GS outscored all three of its German competitors in terms of adult occupant and pedestrian protection.[15][16][17]

In September 2005, the GS 350 (GRS191) and GS 430 (UZS190) went on sale in Japan; the GS 350 using a 3.5-liter 2GR-FSE engine with D4-S direct injection, while the GS 430 used the same 4.3-liter 3UZ-FE V8 used in the previous model. Sales in the United States began the following March as a 2006 model, with the initial U.S. model lineup including the GS 300 (GRS190), featuring a ULEV certified 3.0-liter 3GR-FSE V6 engine, and the GS 430. The GS 300 featured a D4 direct-injection fuel system for all markets except Continental Asia, excluding Singapore, becoming Toyota's first vehicle equipped with direct injection sold in the United States. The 3.0-liter engine was also found in the Toyota Mark X as well as the Zero Toyota Crown, however the new GS 300 was never offered in the Japanese market. The GS 300, GS 350, and GS 430 engine options were paired to a new 6-speed automatic sequential shift gearbox.

2006–2007 Lexus GS 430 (UZS190; U.S.)

An all-wheel drive system was made available in the GS 300, thus becoming the first Lexus sedan to offer such a configuration; the system varied the front/rear wheel torque split anywhere from 50/50 to 30/70 depending on conditions. Also new to the GS line was an Electric Power Steering (EPS) system replacing the previous model's hydraulic steering pump, both the V8 and hybrid models feature a Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) system and Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB) a type of brake-by-wire system. V8 and hybrid models also featured an Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system that individually alters suspension damper firmness at each wheel continuously.

The GS interior was available with ash leather and black bird's-eye maple wood trim, cashmere leather and brown bird's-eye maple trim, or black leather with and walnut trim. Major standard features included a water repellent front door glass, acoustic windshield, solar energy absorbing glass, electrochromic auto-dimming side mirrors with puddle lamps, electrochromic auto-dimming rearview mirror, 10-way driver and front passenger power and heated seats with three-position Lexus Memory System, power tilt/telescoping steering wheel, and a power trunk closer. The GS sedans also were the first to feature the latest generation of Lexus' SmartAccess keyless system–-adding a push-button start for the first time as standard.

Third generation GS hybrid interior (GWS191). Note the kW meter in place of the tachometer.

Other unique features included a driver-side hidden drop-down panel for infrequently used controls, a standard 7-inch touchscreen display in the center console, and LED lighting in the cabin. Unique to the Lexus GS series was a three-pod instrument cluster with machined aluminum facings and an electrochromic feature which adjusts for the amount of reflected sunlight to reduce glare. Optional features included a power moonroof, ventilated front seats with perforated leather, power rear sunshade, rain-sensing wipers, a discrete 5.1 surround sound 14-speaker 330 Watt Mark Levinson premium sound system,[18] XM-satellite radio and DVD-based navigation with backup camera and Bluetooth technology.

2005–2008 Lexus GS 300 (GRS190R; Australia)

In 2007, Consumer Reports dropped Lexus from 1st to 5th in their predicted reliability survey. The magazine blamed the 2006 first-year GS in the all-wheel-drive form, which had problems in integrity (rattles), body hardware and sound system, as the sole reason for the slip.[19] Despite the reliability issues among 2006 GS models, the vehicle earned a "Recommended" rating from Consumer Reports for vehicle features, overall value and previously automatically assumed reliability for that year. However, the problems have apparently been solved, and the GS AWD is now "average".

For the 2007 model year, the GS 350 replaced the GS 300 in the U.S. and other export markets. Due to a change in SAE testing procedures, the 2007 GS 430 horsepower rating was reduced from 300 to 290 (with 319 ft·lbf (433 N·m). of torque), while the V6-powered GS 350 was rated at 303 hp (with 274 ft·lbf (371 N·m). of torque). Lexus reported 0-60 times of 5.7 seconds for both vehicles.[20] For 2008, the GS 350 came with Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM), which was previously standard only on V8 and hybrid models. The Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) was now an option on the V6 model as well.

2006–2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191R; Australia)

Unveiled at the 2005 New York International Auto Show, the hybrid GS 450h (GWS191) joined the GS line in 2006 for the 2007 model year. It was the first mass-production rear-wheel drive luxury hybrid car. Its powertrain included a naturally-aspirated 3.5-liter 2GR-FSE V6 engine mated to an electric motor and a continuously variable transmission. This powertrain made use of the Lexus Hybrid Drive system of integrating electric and gasoline engine motors, giving the GS 450h a Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV) emissions rating.[21] In some markets, however, the car could only be purchased with at least one option package, which raises the price by several thousand dollars. The rear-mounted battery also consumed significant trunk space, which was improved in 2009 when Lexus redesigned the trunk area to increase space by forty percent,[22] from 7.5 cu ft (210 L)[23] in 2007 and 2008, to 10.6 cu ft (300 L).[22]

2006–2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191R; Australia)

The GS 450h was among the first Lexus vehicles to receive the Driver Monitoring System in certain markets. This safety system featured an infrared steering wheel mounted camera which monitors driver attentiveness, sounding an alarm if danger ahead is detected and the driver is not paying attention. 75 "Neiman Marcus Edition" GS 450h sedans were offered as the annual holiday catalog car at a price of $65,000. All were sold in less than three hours on October 19, 2005 and were delivered around April 2006. The GS 450h went on sale in Japan on March 16, 2006.

The GS 450h weighed 1875 kg (4134 lb), but the combined hybrid powertrain produced 253 kilowatts (339 hp),[23] allowing the GS to accelerate to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.2 seconds, according to manufacturer data,[23] compared to the GS 460's 5.4 seconds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-rated highway fuel economy was 25 mpg (8.4 l/100 km), while the city fuel economy was rated at 22 mpg, which is slightly unusual for hybrid vehicles of this type (as they normally have higher city fuel economy ratings).

2009–2010 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191R; Australia)

Motoring journalist Jeremy Clarkson, a famous critic of hybrid vehicles and the Toyota Prius especially, admitted he loved the GS 450h. After claiming that you spent most of the time on the Prius "chewing a lot of fuel" and "making a green statement," he described "with the Lexus I drove up and down Piccadilly all day. It was great." He also felt that the GS 450h was "balanced nicely by the styling, the quality and the sense that you really are in something a little bit different." Clarkson also positively referred to the benefit of a hybrid car being exempt from the London congestion charge (for a £10 one off administration fee to register it).[24]

For 2009, the GS 450h received a new hybrid-only grille.

2007–present

MY2009 Lexus GS 350 (GRS196; U.S.)

A 4.6-liter GS 460 (URS191) replaced the GS 430 in 2007 for the 2008 model year. Equipped with the new 4.6 liter 1UR-FSE V8 engine generating 342 hp (with 339 ft·lbf (460 N·m). of torque) and an 8-speed automatic transmission. Lexus reported a 0-60 time of 5.4 seconds for the GS 460.[25] Along with the hybrid GS 450h and previous GS 430 models, the V8-powered GS 460 offered the Active Stabilizer Suspension System for improved handling.

Coinciding with the introduction of the GS 460, the GS lineup received a mid-cycle styling refresh, including a revised front bumper, headlights and grille, turn signals added to the side mirrors, and new wheel options and exterior colors. Inside the vehicle, the GS received a redesigned steering wheel, revised instrument cluster gauges, and different trim pieces. Competitors to the Lexus GS included the BMW 5-Series,[6] Mercedes-Benz E-Class,[2] Volvo S80, Audi A6, Jaguar XF, Infiniti M, and Acura RL.

Fourth generation

According to Motor Trend, the 2011-2012 model year will reportedly be the next generation GS.[26]

Motorsport

GS 400 V8Star Series touring race car

The Lexus GS was used in Motorola Cup North American Street Stock Championship touring car series competition in the late 1990s, beginning with two GS 400 race vehicles driven by Team Lexus in its inaugural season. For 1999, Team Lexus achieved its first victory with the GS 400 in its sixth race at Road Atlanta.[27] The GS 400 was raced until 2001, when Team Lexus switched to the IS 300. In the mid 2000s, the GS 400 was entered in the V8Star Series touring car racing season, with Ronny Melkus competing in the V8 GS in 2003.[28][29]

In 2006, Sigma Advanced Racing Development and Lexus entered a GS 450h performance hybrid sedan in the 24 Hours of Tokachi race in Hokkaido, Japan, the first time that a hybrid vehicle was introduced.[30] In 2007, Lexus Canada also entered the GS 450h in the Targa Newfoundland event.[31] In 2009, the GS 450h was used as a safety car at the Muscle Car Masters event held at Eastern Creek Raceway, Eastern Creek, New South Wales, Australia.[32]

Sales and production

Sales data for Lexus GS generations are as follows. Sourced from manufacturer yearly data.

Generation (chassis code) Model no(s). Calendar year Total sales, U.S., Japan Total exports, production‡
JZS147
GS 300 1993 19,164[1] 18,450[33]
1994 13,939[1] 12,905[33]
1995 6,263[34] 7,797[33]
1996 2,044[35] 2,500[33]
1997 7,718[1] 175[33]
JZS160/UZS160
GS 300/400 1998 30,622[1] 26,705[33]
1999 30,326[1] 30,326[33]
2000 26,705[36] 26,705[33]
JZS160/UZS161
GS 300/430 2001 24,461[37] 29,715[33]
2002 17,246[37] 17,710[33]
2003 13,306[38] 14,479[33]
2004 8,262[39] 9,681[33]
2005 33,457,[40] 5,843[41] 3,000[33]
GRS190/GRS195/UZS190 GS 300/350/430 2006 27,390,[40] 9,145[41] 51,290‡[41]
GRS191/GRS196/UZS190/GWS191 GS 350/430/450h 2007 23,381,[42] 5,089[43] 45,588‡[44]
GRS191/GRS196/URS191/GWS191 GS 350/460/450h 2008 15,759,[42] 5,384[45] 32,828‡[46]
2009 7,430,[47] 1,777[48] 11,565‡[49]

Technical specifications

Model configurations by region
Chassis code Model no. Model year(s) Drivetrain Transmission Engine type Engine code Region(s)
GRS190 GS 300 2006– RWD/AWD 6-speed AT 3.0 L petrol V6 3GR-FSE Australia,[50] China,[51] Europe,[52] Middle East[53]
GRS191 GS 350 2007– 3.5 L petrol V6 2GR-FSE Canada,[54] Europe,[52] Japan,[55] United States[56]
UZS190 GS 430 2006– RWD 4.3 L petrol V8 3UZ-FE Middle East[53]
GWS191 GS 450h 2007– CVT 3.5 L hybrid V6 2GR-FSE Canada,[54] China,[51] Europe,[52] Japan,[55] United States[56]
URS190 GS 460 2008– 8-speed AT 4.6 L petrol V8 1UR-FE Australia,[50] Canada,[54] China,[51] Europe,[52] Japan,[55] United States[56]
Drivetrain specifications by generation[33]
Model year(s) Model no(s). Chassis code(s) Engine type Engine code Transmission(s) Power Torque
1993–1996 GS 300 JZS147 3.0 L inline-6 2JZ-GE 4-speed AT 168 kW (225 hp) 280 N·m (210 ft·lbf) @4800 rpm
1998–2004 GS 300 JZS161 3.0 L inline-6 2JZ-GE 4-speed AT 168 kW (225 hp) 300 N·m (220 ft·lbf) @4000 rpm
1998–2000 GS 400 UZS160 4.0 L V8 1UZ-FE 5-speed AT 224 kW (300 hp) 420 N·m (310 ft·lbf) @4000 rpm
2001–2005 GS 430 UZS161 4.3 L V8 3UZ-FE 5-speed AT 224 kW (300 hp) 441 N·m (325 ft·lbf) @4000 rpm
2006–2007 GS 300 GRS190 3.0 L V6 3GR-FSE 6-speed AT 245 kW (329 hp) 310 N·m (230 ft·lbf) @3600 rpm
2006–2007 GS 300 AWD GRS195 3.0 L V6 3GR-FSE 6-speed AT 245 kW (329 hp) 310 N·m (230 ft·lbf) @3600 rpm
2006–2007 GS 430 UZS190 4.3 L V8 3UZ-FE 6-speed AT 224 kW (300 hp) 441 N·m (325 ft·lbf) @4000 rpm
2007– GS 450h GWS191 3.5 L V6 hybrid 2GR-FSE CVT 253 kW (339 hp) n/a
2008– GS 350 GRS191 3.5 L V6 2GR-FSE 6-speed AT 226 kW (303 hp) 371 N·m (274 ft·lbf) @3600 rpm
2008– GS 350 AWD GRS196 3.5 L V6 2GR-FSE 6-speed AT 226 kW (303 hp) 371 N·m (274 ft·lbf) @3600 rpm
2008– GS 460 URS190 4.6 L V8 1UR-FE 8-speed AT 255 kW (342 hp) 460 N·m (340 ft·lbf) @3900 rpm

Awards

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Dawson, Chester. Lexus: The Relentless Pursuit, pp. 146-47, 164-65. 2004: Jon Wiley & Sons, NJ.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Schuon, Michael (August 8, 1993). "Lexus Weighs In With a 'Grand' Sedan". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE4D7173AF93BA3575BC0A965958260. Retrieved 2009-01-09. 
  3. ↑ "Lexus HPS is a sign of the future". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4371466.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  4. ↑ Aristo history トヨタ アリスト 中古車総合情報
  5. ↑ "Iihs-Hldi: Lexus Gs". Iihs.org. 2006-04-10. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=118. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Jordan, Michael (2001). "2001-2005 Lexus GS300 SportDesign". Automobile Magazine. http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/sedans/lexus_gs300_sportdesign/index.html. Retrieved 2009-01-09. 
  7. ↑ "2003 Lexus LF-S Concept". Automobile.com. http://www.automobile.com/2003-lexus-lf-s-concept.html. Retrieved 2009-09-22. 
  8. ↑ Automotive Engineering International, Volume 113, pp. 1, 28; New platform for Lexus GS, IS.
  9. ↑ Lexus GS - Features & Pricing - Safety & Security
  10. ↑ Lexus GS - Features & Pricing - VDIM
  11. ↑ "Lexus Introduces Next Generation Vehicle Stability Control System In New 2006 GS 430". Worldcarfans. 2005-02-03. http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.007/lexus-introduces-next-generation-vehicle-stability-control-system-in-new-2006-gs-430. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  12. ↑ IIHS-HLDI: Lexus GS
  13. ↑ IIHS-HLDI: Lexus GS
  14. ↑ Euro NCAP - For safer cars Lexus GS
  15. ↑ Euro NCAP - For safer cars
  16. ↑ Euro NCAP - For safer cars
  17. ↑ Euro NCAP - For safer cars
  18. ↑ "2006 Lexus GS Sedan Debuts Mark Levinson Surround Sound System". Worldcarfans. 2005-02-03. http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.006/2006-lexus-gs-sedan-debuts-mark-levinson-surround-sound-system. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  19. ↑ Woodyard, Chris (2007-03-01). "Luxury brands take beating in auto-reliability survey". Usatoday.Com. http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2007-02-28-cr-reliability_x.htm?csp=34. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  20. ↑ Lexus.com GS specifications
  21. ↑ Edmunds review of 2007 GS 450h hybrid
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "2009 Lexus GS 450h Detailed Pricing and Specifications". MSN Autos. http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/overview.aspx?year=2009&make=Lexus&model=GS%20450h. Retrieved 2009-03-31. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Reed, Philip. "Full Test: 2007 Lexus GS 450h". Edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=109609/pageId=69125. Retrieved 2009-03-31. 
  24. ↑ Jeremy Clarkson Lexus GS 450h SE-L review
  25. ↑ Lexus Official 2008 GS 460 & GS 350 Specifications and Features
  26. ↑ Lyon, Peter (2009-12). "New Lexus GS to Debut in 2011". Motor Trend. http://www.motortrend.com/features/auto_news/2009/112_2011_lexus_gs/index.html. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 
  27. ↑ "Team Lexus Stats". Team Lexus. 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20070821224559/http://www.teamlexus.com/team_stats.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
  28. ↑ Speedsport Magazine 2003 german V8 Star
  29. ↑ Commons File:Ronny Melkus V8Star(ThKraft).jpg
  30. ↑ "Lexus GS 450h in 24 Hours of Tokachi" (in Japanese). Response.jp. 2006-07-18. http://response.jp/issue/2006/0718/article83972_1.html. Retrieved 2009-05-20. 
  31. ↑ Robinson, Beintema (2007). "Lexus tests hybrid power". York Region. http://www.yorkregion.com/Leisure/article/44774. Retrieved 2008-06-22. 
  32. ↑ Autoblog - GS 450h safety car
  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 "Lexus Knowledge Center - GS Model Specifications". Lexus. http://www.lexus.com/contact/model_specifications_pricing_gs.html. Retrieved 2010-05-18. 
  34. ↑ Lexus sales figures 1995 SC sales 7,906
  35. ↑ "US top 24 luxury automobile and light truck model types by sales in units for 1996." Automotive News. Market Data Book Supplement (1997).
  36. ↑ "Lexus sales figures 2000-2001". Autochannel. 2002-01-03. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html. Retrieved 2009-01-28. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Lexus sales figures 2001-2002". Autochannel. 2003-01-03. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2003/01/03/152221.html. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  38. ↑ "Lexus sales figures 2002-2003". Autochannel. 2004-01-05. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  39. ↑ "Lexus production figures 2003-2004". Autochannel. 2005-01-04. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2005/01/04/313808.html. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Lexus sales figures 2005-2006
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model" (PDF). Toyota.jp. 2007. http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2007/databook_2007.pdf. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lexus sales figures 2007-2008
  43. ↑ Number of Vehicles Registered in Japan
  44. ↑ "Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model" (PDF). Toyota.jp. 2008. http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2008/24num_produced.pdf. 
  45. ↑ Number of Vehicles Registered in Japan
  46. ↑ "Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model" (PDF). Toyota.jp. 2009. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/production_en.pdf. 
  47. ↑ Lexus sales figures 2009
  48. ↑ Number of Vehicles Registered in Japan
  49. ↑ "Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model" (PDF). Toyota.jp. 2010. http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2010/production_en.pdf. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Lexus Australia GS line Lexus.com.au Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Lexus China CS line Lexus.com.cn Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Lexus Europe ES range Lexus.eu Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Lexus Saudi GS line Lexus.com.sa Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Lexus Canada GS series Lexus.ca Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 Lexus Japan GS line Lexus.jp Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Lexus GS detailed specifications Lexus.com Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  57. ↑ J.D. Power and Associates 2003 Initial Quality Study
  58. ↑ Toyota, GM Garner Most Awards in 2005 Initial Quality Study
  59. ↑ AAA Picks 13 Top Cars for 2005
  60. ↑ Consumer Reports: Most reliable cars '06
  61. ↑ Continued global awards success for Lexus
  62. ↑ iF Design List of winners for the iF product design award 2007
  63. ↑ "Auto 1" Awards, Auto Bild Group
  64. ↑ 2003-2004 Car Buyers Guide: Best Cars for Your Buck
  65. ↑ J.D. Power and Associates 2001 Automotive Performance, Execution and Layout (APEAL) Study
  66. ↑ CARFAX - Kelley Blue Book-Models to Best Hold Its Value

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